Lists are one of the built-in data structures in Python. Sometimes, we need to create a list using the elements of an iterable that meet specific requirements. Consider the list of professions below: professions = ["analyst", "manager", "scientist", "nurse", "accountant"] print(professions) ['analyst', 'manager', 'scientist', 'nurse', 'accountant'] All the professions in…

Understanding how to use Venn diagrams to represent the relationships between sets. — In a previous post, we learned how to create and manipulate sets in Python. Here we will learn to represent the relationships between sets using Venn diagrams. Let’s assume that we are looking to buy a used car. We go to a dealership and find the following: Total used cars…

Understanding how to create and manipulate Sets in Python. — Sets are one of the built-in data structures in Python. They are unordered sequences of unique elements that can contain different data types. Unordered means that the elements of a set do not occupy a fixed position and we cannot access them using their index. In this post, we will…

Understanding how to create and manipulate dictionaries in Python. — Dictionaries are one of the built-in data structures in Python. They are mutable collections of key — value pairs. Mutable means that we can modify a dictionary by adding, removing or changing elements. In this post, we will learn to create and manipulate dictionaries. Creating dictionaries Dictionaries can be created by…

Understanding how to create and manipulate tuples in Python. — Tuples are one of the built-in data structures in Python. They are ordered and immutable sequences that can contain different data types. Ordered means that the elements in the tuple occupy a specific position, which is determined by the tuple’s index. Immutable means that we cannot add, remove or change…

Understanding how to manipulate lists in Python — Lists are one of the built-in data structures of Python. They are ordered, mutable sequences used to store multiple elements in a single variable. Ordered means that the elements in the list occupy a specific position, which is identified by their index. Mutable means that we can modify lists by…

Understanding how it develops and why it is so dangerous. — Since their discovery, antibiotics have played a critical role in human history. They allowed us to fight diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and develop complex surgical procedures. Nowadays, however, antibiotics are becoming less effective due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance can develop naturally through mutations in the…

Understanding the mechanism of action of the most common antibiotics. — Bacteria are unicellular organisms that populate every environment on our planet, including the human body. While many bacteria are harmless and others are helpful(i.e., guts bacteria), a few are pathogenic and cause diseases. Many bacteria have a cell wall, a complex structure made of cross-linked chains of peptidoglycans (polymers of…

Understanding how mice were born without a father. — Parthenogenesis is a biological process in which an egg cell develops into an embryo without being fertilized by a sperm. This form of asexual reproduction, which occurs naturally in insects, reptiles, birds and fishes, has never been observed in mammals. …